Antidetonation combustion chamber for internal-combustion engines with plural projections



June 18, 1929. MQQRE 1.717.578

ANTIDETONATION COMBUSTION CHAMBER FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES WITH PLURAL PROJECTIONS Original Filed Oct. 18, 1926 INVENTOR I BY WK.

ATTORNEY Patented June 18, 1929.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

AELINar'oN MooEE, OF NEw YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, ro MAXMOOB CORPORATION, on NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION or DELAWARE.

ANTIDETONATION COMBUSTION CHAMBER FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES WITH PLUBAL PROJECTIONS.

Application filed October 18, 1926, Serial No. 142,230. Renewed December 4, 1928.

My invention is of an anti-detonation combustion chamber for internal combustion engines with plural projections.

In accordance with the present invention, the ceiling of the combustion chamber comprises a plurality of spaced plane surfaces arranged at various heights therein and divided into two sets, which are preferably located along the fore and aft sides of the combustion' chamber, or, in other words, along the sides of the combustion chamber which are in general substantially parallel to its major diameter. These two sets of combustion chamber ceiling surfaces are preferably" arranged symmetrically with relation to the major diameter of the combustion chamber and preferably constitute a series of rounded steps or terraces formed in the ceiling of the combustion chamber at opposite sides thereof and arranged to face toward one another.

My invention will be best understood from a description of the embodiments thereof shown in the accompanying drawings in which Fig. 1 is a vertical section of an L-head' four-cycle internal combustion engine provided with a combustion chamber embodying myinve-ntion. Fig. 2 is a section on line 2-2, Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a bottom plan view of the combustion chamber shown in Fig. 1, and Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 3 of a modified form.

Reference character 10 designates an internal combustion engine, here shown as a side valve engine and specifically as an L-head engine, 12 the cylinder head, 14 one of the valves, 16 the piston, 18 the combustion chamber, and-19 the hole for receiving the spark lu p F br convenience I shall refer to the upper Surface of the combustion chamber as its ceiling, and shall use the language of the vertical engine, though not in a limiting sense, as the cylinders may be horizontal, inclined or arranged in other ways.

Reference characters 20, 20 are applied to designate generally downwardly projected or depending portions of the com ustion chamber ceiling wall arranged substantially symmetrically on each side of the major diameter of the combustion chamber 18.

The projections 20 are preferably of stepped or terraced formation presenting to- .ward the piston 18 the preferably plane surfaces, such as 22, 24 and 26, with the intermediate substantially riser surfaces, such as 28 and 30. e

Projections 20, 20 preferably extend only part way from the longer sides 32, 32 of the combustion chamber toward the major diameter of the combustion chamber, leaving therebetween the region 34, which is of substantially the full height of the combustion chamber.

The surfaces 22, 24 and 26 are preferably of step-like formation and the conformation presented in the form shown is that of a pair of sets of stepped surfaces increasing successlvely in area toward the ceiling of the combustion chamber, each set being of generally halfcircular or half over outline, and the convex sides of these sets of steps facing to ward one another from the opposite sides of the combustion chamber.

The projections 20 may be substantially.

confined to the part of the combustion chamber ceiling over the cylinder bore, as shown in Figs. 1 and 3, or they or part of them may be extended along the sides of the combustlon chamber Wall towards the valve containlng end of the cylinder, as in the case of the projections 20 of Fig. Q comprising the stepped surfaces 22, 24 and 26 The spark plug is preferably located along the major diameter of the combustion chamber in case the two sets of terraced ceiling surfaces are symmetrically disposed on opposite sides thereof, as shown. In Figs. 1 and 3 I have shown the spark plug location substantially over the intake valve. In Fig. 4 the hole 36 for the spark plug is so located as to bring the point of ignition substantially midway of the space 34 between the facing downwardly extending projections 20, 20*. The plane surfaces of the terraced downwardly projecting members, as 20, 20, are preferably arranged on a slant, so that their height above the piston decreases as the distance from the valve side is increased.

By making the riser surfaces 28, 30 con-vex it will be seen that the two projections 20, 20 are nearest one another at about the center thereof and the distance between them is increased on each side of the center where they are closest, thus leaving an enlarged or expansion space 40 at that end of the combustion chamber 18 furthest from the engine valves. While the piston shown is of the usual plane head type, various other forms of piston heads may be used, if desired.

The highest benefits of the present invention are realized when complete combustion and absence of carbon deposits are obtained by the use of my improved system of combustion, involving the supplying to the engine intake above the throttle of exhaust gas and air at temperaturesand in proportions and quantities metered to suit the engine requirements at varying speeds and loads, as set forth, for example, in my copending application Serial No. 757,075, filed Dec. 19, 1924.

\Vithout commitment to a particular theory, some of the advantages of my invention are consideredto be that the fuel is thoroughly mixed with other charge components by the turbulent and agitated state into which the gases are thrown by contact with the described combustion chamber surfaces on the intake stroke, that upon the compression stroke this mixing is further perfected by the turbulent state of the gases being driven and compressed against and off the several plane and riser surfaces in the ceiling of the combustion chamber, that upon ignition the travel of the flame is speeded up by the state of turbulence in which the gases have been put, and the surface combustion effect due to gas concentration on or near the extended metallic surfaces assists in securing rapid travel of flame, that the various planes and surfaces encountered serve to break up and destroy any pressure wave which may be produced upon ignition, and any such pressure waves will be expanded and their pressure be reduced upon passing beyond the extensions 20, 20 into the expansion space 40, that the added surface which may be obtained, at the same time the clearance volume is reduced and the compression ratio is raised, serves to transfer to the water jacket any excess of heat which would cause detonation, and that incandescent areas and consequent preignition are avoided by the highly turbulent gases carrying the heat to the water j aclmted walls of extensive area.

I claim:

1. A combustion chamber for internal combustion engines having a pair of substantially terraced downwardly extending projections of its ceiling.

2. A combustion chamber for internal combustion engines having a pair of substantially terraced downwardly extending projections of its ceiling located on opposite sides of its major diameter 3. A combustion chamber for internal combustion engines having a pair of substantially terraced downwardly extending projections of its ceiling symmetrically located on opposite sides of its major diameter.

4. A combustion chamber for internal combustion engines having its ceiling formed with a plurality of sets of plane surfaces at varying heights above the piston.

5. A combustion chamber for internal combustion engines, the ceiling whereof comprises plane surfaces and intermediate riser surfaces arranged in a plurality of sets in a plurality of parts'of the combustion chamber. 6. A combustion chamber for internal combustion engines having the sides thereof substantially parallel to its major axis arranged with the ceiling thereof in stepped planes at varying heights above the piston.

7 An internal combustion engine comprisinga cylinder having a combustion chamber at the end thereof, means for admitting a fuel charge to said chamber, a piston portion in said cylinder, and a plurality of members disposed within the space between the piston portion and the wall portion of the combustion chamber opposite thereto, and project ing from one of said portions towards the other thereof; said members each having a plurality of transverse surfaces arranged in different planes, and lying in exposed relation to said fuelcharge.

8. An internal combustion engine comprising'a cylinder having a combustion chamber at the end thereof, means for supplying a fuel charge thereto, and a plurality of terraced members disposed within the space between the piston portion and the wall portion of the combustion chamber opposite thereto and projecting from one of said portions towards the other thereof; said members being spaced to provide a passage therebetween.

9. An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder having a combustion chamber at the end thereof extending laterally therefrom, a piston portion, valves in the lateral portion of the combustion chamber, and a plurality of terraced portions disposed within the space between said piston portion and the portion of the combustion chamber opposite thereto and projecting from one of said portions towards the other thereof; said terraced portions in the top center position ofthe piston serving to constrict the portion of the combustion chamber over the cylinder relatively to the lateral portion thereof and having a passage therebetween.

10. An internal combustion engine comprising a part of the ceiling of the combustion chamber having portions of step formation and a recess intermediate the same of gradually increasing size.

11. An internal combustion engine comprising a part of the ceiling of the combustion chamber having portions of step formation diverging downwardly and a recess therebetween increasing in magnitude from the upper to the lower portions thereof.

12. An internal combustion engine comprising a part of the ceiling of the combustion chamber above the piston having porin cross-sectional area towards said piston.

13. An internal combustion engine comprising a part of the ceiling of the combustion chamberhaving portions of step formation diverging downwardly, and a recess therebetween gradually increasing in size downwardly, and a spark plug disposed at the upper end'of said recess.

14, An internal combustion engine comprising a part of the ceiling of the combustion chamber having portions of step formation and a passage intermediate the same of grad: ually increasing size, and ignition means disposed at a point in the more constricted portion of said passage;

15. An internal combustion engine comprising a part of the ceiling of the combustion chamber having portions of step formation and a passage intermediate the same of gradually increasing size, and ignition means 4 disposed at a point in the more constricted portion of said passage; certain of the surfaces of said step formation being disposed transversely of the direction of propagation of the flame and facing the side of said combustion chamber remote from said ignition means.

16. An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder having a combustion chamber at the end thereof extending laterally therefrom, a piston in said cylinder, intake and exhaust valves in the laterally extending portion of said combustion chamber, ignition means in said combustion chamber, and hollow. portions of step formation projecting from the ceiling of said combustion chamber over the piston and communicating with the water containing spaces-of the engine; said portions extending parallel with the major diameter of said combustion chamber from the laterally extending portion thereof towards the opposite side thereof, and providing a passage therebetween diverging towards the bottom thereof and towards the ends thereof; and said projecting portions serving to constrict the portion of the combustion chamber over'the cylinder relatively to the laterally extending portion thereof, and to increase the exposed heat absorbing area of the combustion chamber.

17 An internal combustion engine comprisinga cylinder having a combustion chamber at the end thereof extending laterally thereof, and intake and exhaust valves in said laterally extending'part; the part of said combustion chamber over the cylinder having opposing portions of step formation therein serving to constrictthe space thereof whereby to provide a combustion chamber having the part thereof over the cylinder in the top center position of the piston of less volume than the part thereof occupied by said valves.

18. An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder having a combustion chamher at the end thereof extending laterally therefrom, and intake and exhaust valves in said laterally extending part; the part of said combustion chamber over the cylinder having portions of step formation therein serving'to constrict the space thereof relative to the space occupied by said valves, and disposed in spaced relation to each other to provide a passage therebetween varying in cross-sectional area, and ignition means in exposed relation to said step portions.

In testimony whereof, I have slgned my name hereto.

' ARLINGTON MOORE. 

